GENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITY THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIES2 INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE OF ARCHITECTURE+TECHNOLOGY ISSUE 57 FREE OF ADVERTISING EDITORS Aurora Fernández Per Javier Mozas GRAPHIC CONCEPT Aurora Fernández Per LAYOUT AND PRODUCTION Delia Argote MANAGING Idoia Esteban EDITOR, ENGLISH-LANGUAGE VERSION Ken Mortimer EDITORS, SPANISH-LANGUAGE VERSION Aurora Fernández Per Javier Mozas SUBMISSIONS, SUBSCRIPTIONS & ORDERS a+t architecture publishers Tel. +34 945 134276 aplust@aplust.net orders@aplust.net www.aplust.net PUBLISHER a+t architecture publishers ISSN 1132-6409 ISBN 978-84-09-47577-3 Frequency: Biannual PRINTING Gráficas Irudi s.l. VI 683/1994 2023 DISTRIBUTION (Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, Asia) Idea Books Nieuwe Hemweg 6R. 1013 BG Amsterdam. The Netherlands Tel. +31 20 6226154 idea@ideabooks.nl www.ideabooks.nl (Spain, Portugal and Latin America) a+t architecture publishers Tel.+34 945 134276 orders@aplust.net www.aplust.net COPYRIGHTS Copyright of the edition: a+t architecture publishers. Copyright of the projects, articles and photographs: their authors. No part of this publication, including the cover, may be reproduced or transmitted without the express authorization in writing of the publisher. COVER Layout with images by Filip Dujardin, Nora Walter, Ulrich Schwarz, Philip Heckhausen, Duncan Lewis, Nick Kane, Omar Sartor, MIA2, Ossip van Duivenbode, José Hevia, Jens Studer, Tim Crocker. a+t architecture publishers General Álava, 15. 01005 Vitoria-Gasteiz. Spain. www.aplust.net THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES3 ELOGY FOR THE LOGGIA. A LIVEABLE DOMAIN OUTSIDE THE ENVELOPE Javier Mozas .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 GENEROSITY. HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIES. THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY Aurora Fernández Per ....................................................................................................................................................................................................10 INTERMEDIATING WITH THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE Caruso St John Architects. Apartment Buildings, Eggen. Lucerne (Switzerland) 2018- ..............................................................................................................14 ADDING CHARACTER TO THE FAÇADE Caruso St John Architects. Falconhoven Apartment Building. Antwerp (Belgium) 2014-2020 ..................................................................................................22 CREATING A LOGGIA Caruso St John Architects. Lakeside Apartment Buildings. Arbon (Switzerland) 2016–2022 ....................................................................................................32 REDEFINING URBAN LIVING Atelier Kempe Thill. Zuiderplein. Antwerp (Belgium) 2016-2019 .....................................................................................................................................................40 WORKING AT THREE SCALES Pau Vidal, Vivas Arquitectos. La Chalmeta. Barcelona (Spain) 2017-2022 .....................................................................................................................................50 BEING AT THE THRESHOLD BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE Henley Halebrown. Wilmott Court. Frampton Park Estate, London (United Kingdom) 2013-2021 ............................................................................................58 ASSEMBLING AROUND THE COURTYARDS Schneider Studer Primas. Cooperative Housing Holunderhof. Zurich-Oerlikon (Switzerland) 2012-2018 ..............................................................................66 BALANCING AFFORDABILITY AND SPACE Studio Woodroffe Papa. Dockley Apartments. London (United Kingdom) 2020-2022 ..................................................................................................................74 GROWING UPWARD AND OUTWARD MIA2. Stadthaus Lederergasse. Linz (Austria) 2017-2020 ................................................................................................................................................................82 REINTERPRETING THE MILANESE GALLERY HOUSE ITCHstudio + Vincenzo Di Salvia. Blue Moon. Milan (Italy) 2019-2021 .............................................................................................................................................90 REPRODUCING THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS MVRDV, FLINT. Ilot Queyries. Bordeaux (France) 2017-2021 .............................................................................................................................................................96 MINIMIZING THE PRESENCE OF ARCHITECTURE Duncan Lewis - Scape Architecture. EKKO. Bordeaux (France) 2017-2021................................................................................................................................. 108 Credits ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 116 THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIES GENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITY4 THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES ELOGY FOR THE LOGGIA A LIVEABLE DOMAIN OUTSIDE THE ENVELOPE JAVIER MOZAS La exterioridad arquitectónica ha dependido a lo largo de la historia de la posición relativa entre soporte y envolvente. Modernidad y tradición juntas han trenzado unos pasos de baile con la estructura moviéndose hacia fuera o hacia dentro según un vaivén caprichoso. La arquitectura doméstica ha encontrado su expresión más visible en el límite de la forma, en ese borde corporal de lo construido que está compuesto por piel y huesos, por cerramiento y estructura. Los diferentes grados de la exterioridad doméstica se han modulado a lo largo del tiempo mediante las aperturas u oclusiones de la envolvente, con un momento clave: cuando el cerramiento se liberó de su función portante. Throughout history architectural exteriority has depended on the relative position between the support and the envelope. Modernity and tradition came together to trace out dance steps, with structure moving in and out in a whimsical to and fro. Domestic architecture found its most visible expression in the limit of form, in that corporeal border for the built volume made up of skin and bone; envelope and structure. The different degrees of domestic exteriority were modulated over time through openings or closures, with one defining moment, when the envelope was released from its load bearing functions.5 THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES En 1550, Andrea Palladio comienza en Vicenza las obras del palacio Chiericati, donde se revelan las inten- sas relaciones entre estructura y cerramiento, entre lenguaje y representación. La fachada principal de este palacio combina cuatro situaciones topológicas explo- tadas posteriormente en numerosas ocasiones: pórti- co de acceso, galería de uso público, logia soportada por columnas adelantadas y cerramiento con huecos encajados entre semicolumnas. Palladio, en el palacio Chiericati, deshace el muro y lo recompone con unida- des funcionales que provienen de reinterpretaciones de la arquitectura clásica. Todos estos elementos des- membrados quedan a disposición, como un catálogo, para su utilización en nuevos tipos de fachadas desa- rrollados a partir de estas partes identificables. Al principio del siglo XX, Le Corbusier y Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, con posturas divergentes sobre el es- pesor, también disolverán la materialidad de la envol- vente, revolucionarán la relación entre cerramiento y soporte, y sentarán las bases para desarrollos tecno- lógicos posteriores. Entre 1928 y 1938, Le Corbusier se enfrenta a comprometidos problemas de solea- miento por la dispersión de su trabajo en variadas la- titudes. Llega a escribir que “la historia de la ventana es también la historia de la arquitectura”01. Abrir un hueco en un muro forma parte de la lucha históri- ca entre lleno y vacío. La relación que se establece entre ambos es la parte más determinante del estilo arquitectónico. La exterioridad de la vivienda moder- na faculta a sus residentes para que disfruten de las tres ‘alegrías esenciales’ corbuserianas: sol, espacio y vegetación. Para ello propone ‘diafragmar’ el paño de vidrio y prolongar los forjados mediante balcones y terrazas02. a. 1550-1557. Andrea Palladio. Palacio Chiericati. Elevation to Piazza Matteotti. Vicenza. IT. Source: Renata Samperi. Palazzo Chiericati: progetti e construzione nell’incompiuta fabbrica cinquecentesca. Palladio 1508-2008. Il simposio del cinquecentenario. Marsilio, 2008. Pp. 250-254. b. 1928-1938. Le Corbusier. Exploitation of the fourth wall of a room. Above: in the event that the separation between slabs is large, the brise-soleil is deeper to produce its effect. In the middle and below: The height is lower and the brise- soleil is reduced proportionally. In both cases, the resident can clean the glass at will, inside or out. The large surface area of this setback can be equipped in various ways, dividing it into fixed, translucent or transparent panels, or wooden screens sliding over each other capable of diaphragming the glass surfaces by 30, 60 or 100%. Source: Le Corbusier : oeuvre complete 1938-1946. Birkhäuser, 1995. P. 106. Explotación del cuarto muro de una habitación. Arriba: en el caso de que la separación entre forjados sea grande, el brise-soleil es más profundo para que produzca su efecto... En medio y abajo: La altura es menor y el brise-soleil se reduce proporcionalmente. En ambos casos el residente puede limpiar el vidrio a voluntad, por dentro o por fuera. La gran superficie de esta fachada interior se puede equipar de varias maneras, dividiéndola en paneles fijos, traslúcidos o trasparentes, o deslizar pantallas correderas de madera unas sobre otras capaces de diafragmar en un 30, 60 o 100% las superficies de vidrio. 01. Le Corbusier. Oeuvre complète 1938- 1946. Birkhäuser. 1995. P. 103. 02. Ibidem. P. 104. In 1550, Andrea Palladio started work on the Chieri- cati palace in Vicenza, where intense relationships between structure and envelope, between language and representation are revealed. The main façade of this palace brings together four topological situa- tions later employed on a multitude of occasions: an entrance portico, a public use gallery, a loggia held up by columns brought forward, and an envelope with openings fitted between semi-columns. In the Chiericati palace Palladio tears down the wall, build- ing it back up using functional units from reinterpre- tations of classical architecture. All these dismem- bered elements are left available, like a catalogue, to be used in new types of façades developed from these identifiable parts. In the early 20th Century Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, each with their own stance on thickness, would also dissolve the materiality of the envelope, revolutionizing the relationship between enclosure and support, and laying down the foun- dations for later technological developments. Be- tween 1928 and 1938, Le Corbusier faced serious issues regarding exposure to daylight as his work expanded to different latitudes. He would even write that “the history of the window is also the history of architecture”01. Creating an opening in a wall is part of the historic struggle between solid and void and the relationship established between the two is the most decisive part of architectural style. The exte- riority of the modern dwelling enables residents to enjoy Le Corbusier’s three ‘essential joys’: daylight, space, and vegetation. This led to his proposal to ‘diaphragm’ the glass pane and lengthen the floor slabs using balconies and terraces02. a.b.THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIES GENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITYGENEROSITY 10 THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES No hemos encontrado mejor título para esta serie que el de GENEROSIDAD, una cualidad, según Anne Lacaton y Jean-Philippe Vassal01, esencial para diseñar la vivienda colectiva. La generosidad transforma la condición de lo construido y lo convierte en habitable, genera confort y bienestar. La generosidad es la clave para comprender la vida en común. Al igual que hicimos anteriormente en la serie Strategy,02 analizamos los proyectos identificando sus estrategias de diseño. Están agrupadas en cuatro apartados: · Estrategias de Indeterminación: enfocadas a mejorar la espacialidad y la flexibilidad. · Estrategias de Exterioridad: pensadas para incrementar la relación con el entorno. · Estrategias de Privacidad: destinadas a construir un lugar propio y protegido. · Estrategias de Interactividad: capaces de promover las interrelaciones y la cohesión entre residentes. Las Estrategias de Exterioridad están comparadas en las tres páginas siguientes para subrayar el tema de este segundo volumen: LA EXPERIENCIA DE LA EXTERIORIDAD. We could not find a better title for this series than GENEROSITY, a quality which Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal01 consider to be essential for collective housing design. Generosity transforms the condition of the built volume and makes it liveable, generating comfort and wellbeing. Generosity is the key to understanding collective living. Just as before in the Strategy series02 we have analysed the projects identifying design strategies. They are grouped into four sections: · Indeterminacy Strategies: focusing on enhancing spatiality and flexibility. · Exteriority Strategies: centering on improving the relationship with the setting. · Privacy Strategies: aiming to build a personal sheltered place. · Interactivity Strategies: able to promote interrelationships and cohesion between residents. The Exteriority Strategies are compared on the next three pages to highlight the theme of this second volume: THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. 01. Anne Lacaton, Jean-Philippe Vassal “The City from and by Housing” in a+t 45 Design Techniques. SOLID Harvard GSD Series. a+t architecture publishers, 2015. Pp. 56-61. 02. a+t 35-36, 37, 38, 51 and 52. Strategy Series. a+t architecture publishers, 2010-2019. AURORA FERNÁNDEZ PERCREATING A LIVEABLE ENVELOPE The final layer of the façade is a three- dimensional envelope that houses the terraces and the gallery, within a wooden environment that recalls the local architecture. The gallery completely surrounds each of the main buildings. All the rooms, except the bathrooms that are located in the central bay, have direct ventilation and access to the gallery. CREAR UNA ENVOLVENTE HABITABLE La capa final de la fachada es una envolvente en tres dimensiones que aloja las terrazas y la galería, dentro de un entorno de madera que recuerda a la arquitectura local. La galería rodea por completo cada uno de los edificios principales. Todas las estancias, excepto los baños que se sitúan en la crujía central, tienen ventilación y acceso directo a la galería. STACKING URBAN VILLAS The enjoyment of exteriority is what justifies this building conceptually and formally. The exterior space, conceived as an essential liveable part of the house, defines the proportion of interior rooms in relation to the terraces. Exteriority is the experience that can most closely approximate an urban unit to a single-family suburban dwelling. APILAR VILLAS URBANAS El disfrute de la exterioridad es lo que vertebra y justifica conceptual y formalmente este edificio. El espacio exterior, concebido como parte habitable esencial de la vivienda, define la proporción de estancias interiores con respecto a las terrazas. La exterioridad es la experiencia que más puede aproximar una vivienda urbana a una vivienda unifamiliar suburbana. 11 THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES EXTERIORITY NORA W AL TER PHILIP HECKHA USEN Existing Demolition Addition CREATING A LOGGIA The outer space is protected within the three-dimensional façade. The pillars are one piece of white concrete. The floor is made of wood and the wall is covered with glazed ceramic. A thin steel railing acts as a parapet. The contrast between the materials and tones used manages to increase the perception of depth in this space. The wall recedes to form a terrace in front of the living room of each apartment, while the slab remains on the same plane, creating the loggia. CREAR UNA LOGIA El espacio exterior está protegido dentro de la fachada tridimensional. Los soportes exteriores son de hormigón blanco, mientras que el pavimento es de madera y el recubrimiento del muro de cerámica vidriada. Una fina barandilla de acero hace de antepecho. El contraste entre los materiales y tonos empleados aumenta la percepción de profundidad. El muro se retranquea para crear una terraza frente al salón de la vivienda, mientras que el forjado se mantiene en un mismo plano y da continuidad a la logia. ADDING CHARACTER TO THE FAÇADE In this L-shaped building 4 of the 6 façades are three-dimensional and house the exterior rooms. These are loggias punctuated by prefabricated white concrete columns that remind us of figure-like columns. The balconies act also as an emergency exit, so the outdoor space is only partially compartmentalized. The double height of the ground floor finds its replica on the top floor, taller than the lower ones, where the columns acquire their true character. AÑADIR CARÁCTER A LA FACHADA Cuatro de las seis fachadas que tiene este edificio en L son tridimensionales y albergan las estancias exteriores. Se trata de logias ritmadas por columnas de hormigón blanco prefabricado que recuerdan estatuas- soporte. Las terrazas hacen a la vez de salida de emergencia, por lo que el espacio exterior está solo parcialmente compartimentado. La doble altura de la planta baja encuentra su réplica en el último piso, con mayor altura que los inferiores, donde las columnas adquieren su verdadero carácter. FALCONHOVEN APARTMENT BUILDING. CARUSO ST JOHN ARCHITECTS. ANTWERP (BELGIUM) 2014-2020 ..................................................................................................22 APARTMENT BUILDINGS, EGGEN. CARUSO ST JOHN ARCHITECTS. LUCERNE (SWITZERLAND) 2018- ..............................................................................................................14 LAKESIDE APARTMENT BUILDINGS. CARUSO ST JOHN ARCHITECTS. ARBON (SWITZERLAND) 2016-2022 ....................................................................................................32 ZUIDERPLEIN. ATELIER KEMPE THILL. ANTWERP (BELGIUM) 2016-2019 ...............................................................................................................................................................40 ULRICH SCHW ARZ30 ADDING CHARACTER TO THE FAÇADE THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES FILIP DU JARDINFALCONHOVEN APARTMENT BUILDING. Caruso St John Architects. Antwerp (Belgium) 2014-2020 31 THE EXPERIENCE OF EXTERIORITY. GENEROSITY SERIES FILIP DU JARDIN Façade section 1:50Next >